Established 1998 • Industrial & Municipal Water Management

Recovery & Reuse

Zero Liquid Discharge (ZLD)

Recover almost all of your water and send nothing liquid to drain — meeting the strictest discharge rules while cutting freshwater intake.

No liquid effluent, maximum water recovery

ZLD treats and concentrates wastewater until virtually all the water is recovered for reuse and only dry solids remain — leaving no liquid discharge at all. CWG engineers ZLD trains that combine pre-treatment, membrane concentration and thermal evaporation to meet the toughest regulatory and sustainability targets.

The Technology

What is zero liquid discharge?

ZLD is a treatment strategy, not a single machine: a sequence of stages that progressively recovers clean water and concentrates the dissolved solids until what remains is a dry or near-dry residue.

It typically pairs biological and membrane treatment (RO to concentrate the brine) with evaporation and crystallisation to finish the job — recovering the vast majority of the feed as reusable water.

The result is water security, regulatory compliance and, often, recoverable salts — with no effluent leaving the site.

The Process

How a ZLD system works

Wastewater is pre-treated, concentrated by membranes, then evaporated and crystallised — recovering water and leaving only solids.

1

Pre-Treatment

Biological and chemical treatment plus clarification remove organics and prepare the water for membranes.

2

Membrane Concentration

RO recovers the bulk of the water as permeate and concentrates the dissolved salts into a brine.

3

Evaporation

A thermal evaporator boils off and condenses more clean water from the brine.

4

Crystallisation

A crystalliser finishes the concentrate into recoverable salts and a dry residue — no liquid discharge.

Advantages

Why industries prefer MBBR

Near-100% Water Recovery

Recovers the vast majority of the feed for reuse.

True Zero Discharge

No liquid effluent leaves the site — meeting the strictest rules.

Lower Freshwater Intake

Recycled water sharply reduces raw-water purchase.

Salt Recovery

Concentration can yield saleable or safely disposable salts.

Regulatory Confidence

Removes discharge as a compliance and penalty risk.

Sustainable Growth

Lets water-intensive plants expand within tight water limits.

Performance

Key advantages

Industries Served

Applications

How It Compares

ZLD vs conventional treatment

vs Discharge to Drain

Removes discharge — and the fees, permits and risk that come with it — entirely.

vs RO Alone

Adds evaporation and crystallisation to recover the brine RO leaves behind.

vs Evaporation Alone

Membrane concentration first cuts the thermal load and running cost dramatically.

Local Relevance

Why ZLD matters for Pakistan

Regulators are increasingly pushing water-intensive industries — especially textile and tannery clusters — toward zero discharge. ZLD turns that obligation into an asset: recovered water, recovered salts, and a licence to grow where freshwater is scarce.

Your Partner

Why choose CWG

Since 1998, CWG Watch Water Technology has delivered advanced water & wastewater solutions across Pakistan — wastewater plants, RO, demineralization, softening, filtration, specialty chemicals and complete plant engineering. With decades of experience, international technology partnerships and a proven portfolio, we design customised MBBR solutions built specifically for Pakistan’s industrial requirements.

Systems & equipment

Engineer your route to zero discharge

Tell us your effluent volume and composition, and CWG will design a ZLD train that recovers your water and eliminates liquid discharge.